㈠ 急急急！！！利率变动对股市影响的数学公式（数学模型也可以）
没有公式，你看下面的信息自己做一个正反比例的模型，然后倒入这几年的经济数据拟合吧！！
（参考资料，英文中文都有）
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一般理论上来说,利率下降时,股票的价格就上涨；利率上升时,股票的价格就会下跌。因此,利率的高低以及利率同股票市场的关系,也成为股票投资者据以买进和卖出股票的重要依据。
利率对于股票的影响可以分成三种途径:
一是利率变动造成的资产组合替代效应,利率变动通过影响存款收益率,投资者就会对股票和储蓄以及债券之间做出选择,实现资本的保值增值。
通过资产重新组合进而影响资金流向和流量,最终必然会影响到股票市场的资金供求和股票价格。利率上升,一部分资金可能从股市转而投向银行储蓄和债券,从而会减少市场上的资金供应量,减少股票需求,股票价格下降；反之,利率下降,股票市场资金供应增加,股票价格将上升。
二是利率对上市公司经营的影响,进而影响公司未来的估值水平。
贷款利率提高会加重企业利息负担,从而减少企业的盈利,进而减少企业的股票分红派息,受利率的提高和股票分红派息降低的双重影响,股票价格必然会下降。相反,贷款利率下调将减轻企业利息负担,降低企业生产经营成本,提高企业盈利能力,使企业可以增加股票的分红派息。受利率的降低和股票分红派息增加的双重影响,股票价格将大幅上升。
三是利率变动对股票内在价值的影响。
股票资产的内在价值是由资产在未来时期中所接受的现金流决定的,股票的内在价值与一定风险下的贴现率呈反比关系,如果将银行间拆借、银行间债券与证券交易所的债券回购利率作为参考的贴现率,则贴现率的上扬必然导致股票内在价值的降低,从而也会使股票价格相应下降。股指的变化与市场的贴现率呈现反向变化,贴现率上升,股票的内在价值下降,股指将下降；反之,贴现率下降,股价指数上升。
以上的传导途径应该是较长的一个时期才能体现出来的,利率调整与股价变动之间通常有一个时滞效应,因为利率下调首先引起储蓄分流,增加股市的资金供给,更多的资金追逐同样多的股票,才能引起股价上涨,利率下调到股价上涨之间有一个过程。如我国央行自1996年5月以来的八次下调存款利率,到2002年1年期定期储蓄存款的实际收益率只有1.58%。在股票价格在较长时间内持续上涨的情况下,股票投资的收益率远远高于存款的报酬率,一部分储蓄存款转化为股票投资,从而加快了储蓄分流的步伐。从我国居民储蓄存款增长率来看,1994年居民储蓄存款增长率45.6%,之后增幅连年下滑,而同一时期股票市场发展迅速,1999年下半年开始储蓄分流明显加快,到2000年分流达到顶点,同年我国居民储蓄存款增长率仅为7.9%。这一年股票市场也牛气冲天。2001年储蓄分流则明显减缓,增长率14.7%,居民储蓄倾向增强。2001年股市波动性加大,股价持续几个月的大幅回调,则是2001年储蓄分流减缓、居民储蓄存款大幅增加的主要原因之一。
另外,利率对于企业的经营成本影响同样需要一个生产和销售的资本运转过程,短时间内,难以体现出来。因此,利率和股票市场的相关性要从长期来把握。
实际上,就中长期而言,利率升降和股市的涨跌也并不是简单的负相关关系。就是说,中长期股价指数的走势不仅仅只受利率走势的影响,它同时对经济增长因素、非市场宏观政策因素的反应也很敏感。如果经济增长因素、非市场宏观政策因素的影响大于利率对股市的影响,股价指数的走势就会与利率的中长期走势相背离。
典型如美国的利率调整和股市走势就出现同步上涨的过程。1992年至1995年美元加息周期中,由于经济处于稳步增长阶段,逐步收紧的货币政策并未使经济下滑,公司盈利与股价走势也保持了良好态势,加息之后,股票市场反而走高,其根本原因是经济增长的影响大于加息的影响。
我国从1996年5月进入降息周期的拐点。股指也进入上升周期。利率与股指的走势发生了5年的负相关关系。但2001年在利率没有进入升息周期的情况下,股指开始了下跌的趋势。分析其原因,我国非市场宏观政策因素的影响大于利率对股市的影响。人们对非流通的国有股将进入市场流通的担心和恐惧导致了股市投资的风险和收益发生了非对称的变化。从这个角度来看,由于我国目前非市场宏观政策因素仍然有比较大的不确定性,所以利率对股市的影响不能够成为我们研究和预测股市中长期走势的主要因素。
就短期而言,我国利率的变动对股价的走势很难判断存在相关性。利率调整当天和随后的股价波动并不能说明二者之间有何必然的联系。从当前股市的状况分析,很明显也和利率的走势不符合理论上的负相关性。股票市场的低迷更多地被归结为上市公司的质量以及诸多体制性问题和投资者信心问题。因此,在看待我国加息预期对于股票市场的影响时,还要考虑其他诸多因素,而不能简单从前文所述的理论关系来判断。利率只是影响股市的因素之一,而不是惟一决定因素。因此,我们不能唯利率升降是从,要具体分析,何况即使利率上升,股市也并不是就完全没有投资机会。（
Interest rates. Most people pay attention to them, and they can impact the stock market. But why? In this article, we'll explain some of the indirect links between interest rates and the stock market and show you how they might affect your life.
The Interest Rate
Essentially, interest is nothing more than the cost someone pays for the use of someone else's money. Homeowners know this scenario quite intimately. They have to use a bank's money (through a mortgage) to purchase a home, and they have to pay the bank for the privilege. Credit card users also know this scenario quite well - they borrow money for the short term in order to buy something right away. But when it comes to the stock market and the impact of interest rates, the term usually refers to something other than the above examples - although we will see that they are affected as well. (To read more, see Who determines interest rates?)
The interest rate that applies to investors is the U.S. Federal Reserve's federal funds rate. This is the cost that banks are charged for borrowing money from Federal Reserve banks. Why is this number so important? It is the way the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") attempts to control inflation. Inflation is caused by too much money chasing too few goods (or too much demand for too little supply), which causes prices to increase. By influencing the amount of money available for purchasing goods, the Fed can control inflation. Other countries' central banks do the same thing for the same reason.
Basically, by increasing the federal funds rate, the Fed attempts to lower the supply of money by making it more expensive to obtain.(To see more on the Federal Reserve, read Get To Know The Major Central Banks, The Fed Model And Stock Valuation: What It Does And Does Not Tell Us and Formulating Monetary Policy.)
Effects of an Increase
When the Fed increases the federal funds rate, it does not have an immediate impact on the stock market. Instead, the increased federal funds rate has a single direct effect - it becomes more expensive for banks to borrow money from the Fed. However, increases in the discount rate also cause a ripple effect, and factors that influence both indivials and businesses are affected.
The first indirect effect of an increased federal funds rate is that banks increase the rates that they charge their customers to borrow money. Indivials are affected through increases to credit card and mortgage interest rates, especially if they carry a variable interest rate. This has the effect of decreasing the amount of money consumers can spend. After all, people still have to pay the bills, and when those bills become more expensive, households are left with less disposable income. This means that people will spend less discretionary money, which will affect businesses' top and bottom lines (that is, revenues and profits).
Therefore, businesses are also indirectly affected by an increase in the federal funds rate as a result of the actions of indivial consumers. But businesses are affected in a more direct way as well. They, too, borrow money from banks to run and expand their operations. When the banks make borrowing more expensive, companies might not borrow as much and will pay a higher rate of interest on their loans. Less business spending can slow down the growth of a company, resulting in decreases in profit. (For extra reading on company lending, read When Companies Borrow Money.)
Stock Price Effects
Clearly, changes in the federal funds rate affect the behavior of consumers and business, but the stock market is also affected. Remember that one method of valuing a company is to take the sum of all the expected future cash flows from that company discounted back to the present. To arrive at a stock's price, take the sum of the future discounted cash flow and divide it by the number of shares available. This price fluctuates as a result of the different expectations that people have about the company at different times. Because of those differences, they are willing to buy or sell shares at different prices.
If a company is seen as cutting back on its growth spending or is making less profit - either through higher debt expenses or less revenue from consumers - then the estimated amount of future cash flows will drop. All else being equal, this will lower the price of the company's stock. If enough companies experience a decline in their stock prices, the whole market, or the indexes (like the Dow Jones Instrial Average or the S&P 500) that many people equate with the market, will go down. (To learn more, check out Why Do Markets Move?, Forces That Move Stock Prices and What causes a significant move in the stock market?)
Investment Effects
For many investors, a declining market or stock price is not a desirable outcome. Investors wish to see their invested money increase in value. Such gains come from stock price appreciation, the payment of dividends - or both. With a lowered expectation in the growth and future cash flows of the company, investors will not get as much growth from stock price appreciation, making stock ownership less desirable.
Furthermore, investing in stocks can be viewed as too risky compared to other investments. When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, newly offered government securities, such Treasury bills and bonds, are often viewed as the safest investments and will usually experience a corresponding increase in interest rates. In other words, the "risk-free" rate of return goes up, making these investments more desirable. When people invest in stocks, they need to be compensated for taking on the additional risk involved in such an investment, or a premium above the risk-free rate. The desired return for investing in stocks is the sum of the risk-free rate and the risk premium. Of course, different people have different risk premiums, depending on their own tolerance for risk and the company they are buying. However, in general, as the risk-free rate goes up, the total return required for investing in stocks also increases. Therefore, if the required risk premium decreases while the potential return remains the same or becomes lower, investors might feel that stocks have become too risky, and will put their money elsewhere.
Interest Rates Affect but Don't Determine the Stock Market
The interest rate, commonly bandied about by the media, has a wide and varied impact upon the economy. When it is raised, the general effect is to lessen the amount of money in circulation, which works to keep inflation low. It also makes borrowing money more expensive, which affects how consumers and businesses spend their money; this increases expenses for companies, lowering earnings somewhat for those with debt to pay. Finally, it tends to make the stock market a slightly less attractive place to investment.
Keep in mind, however, that these factors and results are all interrelated. What we described above are very broad interactions, which can play out in innumerable ways. Interest rates are not the only determinant of stock prices and there are many considerations that go into stock prices and the general trend of the market - an increased interest rate is only one of them. Therefore, one can never say with confidence that an interest rate hike by the Fed will have an overall negative effect on stock prices.
㈡ 求懂股票的英语达人翻译
两个短语：cooking the books：做假账
nose dive：急剧下降，或一落千丈
你以26.5美元每股购入微软100股，一周后，因公司高管涉嫌假账风波遭解雇，直接导致股价暴跌至23美元每股。
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self-imposed：自愿接受的, 自愿承担的
stop-loss：止损
你以22美元每股购入一只股票，并设定止损价为20美元（心理可承受价）。然而就在电话通知股票经纪人前，股价竟跌落至19美元，幸好又缓慢回探，并收盘于20.10美元
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你在该股相对高位时以19美元买入。在给股票经纪人电话报价前，你预备挂单20美元卖出，不过股价已然攀升至20.10美元。
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你以29美元每股购入英特尔100股，三天后股价降至27.50美元每股。
声明：本人亲自翻译，不存在抄袭，请自判。
㈢ 汉译英翻译 谁会翻译或有答案帮忙翻译一下吧。 多头和空头（牛与熊）
多头和空头（牛与熊）
Long and short (bull and bear)
“多头”是什么意思? 这个名词是指指望股票价格上涨的投资者。多头预计市场价格会上涨而买进股票。
What do you mean by "long"? A term that refers to an investor who expects an increase in stock prices. Long expected market prices will rise and buy stocks.
当然，市场价格不会总是上涨。有时，股票下跌并在持续的一段时间里保持低的价格。指望股票价格下降的投资者被称为“空头”。在大萧条时期，做空头的赚了大笔的钱。做多头的买空；做空头的卖空。
Of course, the market price will not always rise. Sometimes, stocks fall and keep prices low for some time. Investors who expect a decline in stock prices are called "bears" ". During the great depression, the short sellers made large sums of money. Long long; short selling.
买空是指买进股票以便宜的价格上涨时卖出。如果市场价格下降，惟一能收回资金的办法是持留股票，等待市场的回升。卖空是指卖出的不是你所拥有的股票，以便在价格下跌时补进。举例来说，如果你听说IBM公司将宣布很低的赢利，估计IBM股票价格将从70美元降至65美元，你就可以卖空IBM股票，即告诉你的经纪人从经纪行某客户帐面上借出这种股票，在股票跌到65美元时补进。当然，不要忘记，如果股票价格上涨而不是下跌，你将必须以较高的价格补进股票，因而损失卖出价和补进价之间的差额。所以，卖空的做法可能是很危险的。
Long refers to buying the stock sold at cheap prices. If the market price declines, the only way to recover the funds is to hold stocks, waiting for the market to pick up. Short selling is not what you have in stock, so that you can make it up when the price falls. For example, if you hear of IBM company will announce very low profit estimated IBM stock price will be from $70 fell to $65, you can short selling shares of IBM, tell your broker from the broker for a customer book to borrow the stock, the stock fell to $65 fill in. Of course, don't forget, if stock prices rise rather than fall, you will have to be covered in the stock at a higher price, and lost the selling price and the complement of the difference between the purchase price. Therefore, the practice of short selling may be very dangerous.
㈣ 描述股票上涨下降 英语作文
给你 中文与英文两个版本 英文有没有翻译错的 对照你自己整理下
影响股票价格的因素
影响股票价格变动的因素很多，但基本上可分为以下三类：市场内部因素，基本面因素，政策因素。
（1）市场内部因素它主要是指市场的供给和需求，即资金面和筹码面的相对比例，如一定阶段的股市扩容节奏将成为该因素重要部分。
（2）基本面因素包括宏观经济因素和公司内部因素，宏观经济因素主要是能影响市场中股票价格的因素，包括经济增长，经济景气循环，利率，财政收支，货币供应量，物价，国际收支等，公司内部因素主要指公司的财务状况。
（3）政策因素是指足以影响股票价格变动的国内外重大活动以及政府的政策，措施，法令等重大事件，政府的社会经济发展计划，经济政策的变化，新颁布法令和管理条例等均会影响到股价的变动
Affect stock price factor Affect stock price changes by many factors, but basically can is divided into the following categories: market internal factors, fundamental factors, policy factors. (1) the market internal factors, it mainly refers to the market supply and demand, namely financing area and the relative proportion chips, such as certain stages of the stock market expansion rhythm will become the factors important parts. (2) fundamental factors include macroeconomic factors and internal factors, macroeconomic factors that can influence the market is mainly in stock prices of factors, including economic growth, economic cycle, rates, budgetary revenues and expenditures, money supply, price, international payments and so on, our company internal factors mainly refers to the financial position of the company. (3) policy factor is enough to affect stock price changes of important domestic and international activities and government policies, measures and laws to major events, the government's social and economic development plan, economic policy changes, the newly issued decrees and regulations etc all can affect stock price changes
影响股票价格重要经济因素
股票价格是指在证券市场上买卖股票的价格。实际上股票只是一种凭证，本身并没有价格，它之所以具有价格，能够在市场上进行买卖，是因为它可以给持有者带来股息收入。股票内在的价值的大小取决于未来预期实现盈利、贴现率和未来反复的年限。企业未来盈利越多，其现值越大，股票价格也越高，而贴现越高，股票内在价值就越低，股票价格也越低。所以，在西方股票市场上，人们都密切注视着企业未来盈利的状况。但事实上，股票价格的确定十分复杂，因为人们对一个企业未来盈利状况的看法并不全相同，有估计得比较悲观，股票在他们眼里的价值就低些，就要卖出；有的认为企业有发展的希望，股票在他们眼里价值就高些，就要买进。当买者多于卖者时，股票的价格就上升；当买者少于卖者时，股票的价格就下跌。所以，股票的市场价格与内在价格更多的时候表现为一致，投资者往往寻找那些内在价值大于市场的股票。
这样以来，就使股票的市场价格处于不断变化之中。它不仅要受各种经济因素的影响而且要受政治局势、政府政策、投资者心理、报刊杂志的消息以及谣言等社会因素的影响。下面着重分析一下影响股票价格的主要经济因素。
Affect stock price important economic factor Stock price "means in the stock market of stock price. Actually the stock is a certificate, does not itself, it is the price has price in the market, can be traded, because it gives the holder bring dividend income. Stock inner value depends on the size of the realization of the expected future earnings, the discount rate and future repeated the fixed number of year. Enterprise future earnings, the more its present value, the greater the stock price is higher also, and discount, the higher the stock intrinsic value will be lower, and stock prices also lower. So, in the west, people in the stock market is closely watched enterprise future earnings situation. But in fact, the determination of stock price is quite complex, because people to an enterprise future profitability opinion is not all the same, has an estimated more pessimistic, shares in their eyes the value of some lower, will sell, Some think the enterprise have the hope for the development of stock in their eyes, value as some taller, will buy. When buyers than sellers, stock prices went up, When buyers less than sellers, stock prices will fall. So, the price of stock market and inner price more of the time performance is consistent, investors tend to seek those intrinsic value than market shares. Since such, you will make the price of stock market is constantly changing. It should not only affected by various factors that influence the economic and political situation, by government policy, investor psychological, magazine, newspaper, news and rumors of social factors influence. Below are emphatically analyzed the influence of stock prices main economic factors.
一、股息
投资者之所以购买股票，是因为它能带来不低于存款利息的股息。股份公司发行股票的数量，不是取决于它的实际资本拥有量，而是取决于股息的派发量。股息越高，购者越踊跃，股票的价格也越高。但是，股息的增加又取决于企业收益的增长。如果企业发行股票的数量增加了，而增资后的利润却为同步增长，股息将无法维持原有水平，必然要减少，股票价格也会随之下降。欧美国家的一些企业，为了不断发展业务，使企业收益日益增长，把公司的净利润大部分或全部留下，以扩大资本积累，用于生产和经营，只发放少量股息或不发放股息，并且，国家在税收制度上也积极整套这样伏。由于企业的股票以即使不发或少发股息，这种股票对投资者也仍有很大的吸引力。
A, dividends Investors had to buy shares, because it can bring not less than deposit interest of dividends. The number of shares of the company shares, not depend on its actual capital ownership, but on the dividend amount distributed. The higher the dividend, buy more enthusiastically, the price of a stock is higher also. But, dividend increase depends on enterprise earnings growth. If the number of shares issued by companies increased, and add endowment hind profits but for increased dividends will not be maintained original level, it's necessary to rece, stock price also is met subsequently decline. Some of the enterprise, European and American countries for continuous development business, make the business income increasing, the company's net income all or most left, in order to enlarge capital accumulation, for the proction and operation, only a few dividends or not issue stated dividend, and national taxation system also actively package of such volts. Because enterprise stock to even not hair or less dividend, stock to send the investor is still very attractive.
二、金融资本和税收
股份公司常常向银行借款，随着借款额的增多，银行对企业的控制也就逐渐加强并取得了相当的发言权。在企业收益减少的情况下，虽然他们希望能够稳定股息，但银行为了自身的安全，会支持企业少发或停发股息，因而影响了股票的价格。税收对投资者影响也很大，投资者购买股票是为了增加收益，如果国家对某些营利事业在税收给以优惠，那么就能使这些企业的税后利润相对增加，使它们的股票升值。
Second, financial capital and revenue Joint-stock company often borrow from Banks, with the loan sum increase, bank of enterprise control also graally strengthened and made it quite claims. In the business income decrease case, although they hope to stabilize dividend, but bank for his own safety, will support enterprises or hair hair less dividend, thus affecting the stock prices. Tax on investors are significantly affected, investors buy stocks for increases the income, if the country for some profit-seeking enterprise in tax give preferential, then can make the enterprise's after-tax profits relative increase, make their stock appreciation.
三、经济周期
在经济繁荣时期，企业盈利多，股息高，股票则猛涨；在经济危机时期，企业生产萎缩，股息下降，股价则猛跌；在经济萧条时期，股价渐有转机；在进入复苏时期后，股价又开始上涨。所以，资本主义股票价格的变动，一般是与资本主义经济周期相适应的。
Third, economic cycle In the economic boom, corporate profits, dividends, stock is soaring high, In the economic crisis periods, enterprise proction decline, stock dividend atrophy, is tumbled, In the economic depression, share price graally a swift, Before entering the recovery period, prices began to rise. So, capitalism stock price movements are generally capitalism and adapt to the economic cycle.
四、通货膨胀
社会货币供应量的增减是影响股票价格的原因之一。通常，货币供应量增加，社会一部分闲置资金就会投向证券交易，从而抬高股价；相反，货币供应量减少，社会购买力降低，股价也必然下跌。由货币供应量不断增大而导致的通货膨胀，在一定限度内对生产有刺激作用，因为它能促进企业销售收入和股票投资名义收益的增加，所以在银行利率不随物价同比例上升的条件下，人们为了保值，将不再热心于存款，而转向投资股票，使股票价格再提高。但是，如果通货膨胀上升过猛，甚至了超过两位数，那么将造成人们实际收入下降和市场需求不足，加剧生产过剩，导致经济危机，使股票价格下跌。
Four, inflation Social money supply and decrease of stock price is to influence factor. Normally, the money supply increase, and the society of idle fund will to securities trading and thus increase share, Instead, money supply decrease, social purchasing power is reced, stocks also inevitable decline. By increasing the money supply to inflation, within limits to proce a stimulating effect, because it can promote the enterprise sales revenue and stock investment income increase, so the name in bank interest rates are with the price with ratio rose, under the condition of people to value, will no longer eager to deposit, and turned to invest in stocks and shares to raise price again. But, if inflation rising vastly, even more than two digits, so will cause people to real income decrease and market demand, aggravate overproction, cause economic crisis, make share prices.
五、贴现率与利率
贴现是银行放款的一种形式，贴现率与存款利率有密切的联系。存款率越高，贴现率也越高。由于股票的价格与企业未来预期盈利成正比，与贴现率（利息率）成反比，所以贴现率（或利息率）的提高，会导致股票价格的下降。但西方国家往往在银行利率上升时，股票市场依然活跌，原因是投资者常常在两者之间选择：银行存款风险小，利率高，收入稳定，但不灵活，资金被固定在一段时间内不能挪作他用，并且通俗读物以抵销通货膨胀造成的损失。而股票可以买卖，较为灵活，风险虽大，但碰上好运，可获大利。所以，在银行利率提高的情况下，仍然有一些具有冒险精神的投资者热心于股票交易。
Five, the discount rate and interest rate Discount is a form of bank lending, the discount rate and deposit rates are closely linked. Deposit rate is high, the discount rate is higher also. Because the price of the stock and the enterprise the expected future earnings is proportional to the discount rate (interest) is inversely proportional to the discount rate (or interest rates, so the promotion of, will lead to stock price falls. But in western countries have often bank interest rate rises, the stock market is still alive, reason is that investors often dropped in between choice: bank deposit small risk, higher interest rates, the income is stable, but not agile, the fund was fixed in a period of time inside cannot be used for other purposes, and popular literature to offset the loss caused by inflation. Stock can be bought, more flexible, though large, but the risk can be awarded with good luck, Italy. So, in the case of higher bank interest rate, there are still some adventurous investors keen on stock trading.
六、科技发明
在产业结构调整和转移时期，新产品的开发显得越来越重要，股价也会受到它们的强烈冲击。
新产品从开发完成至股价下跌这段时间，可分成三个阶段：
1、当消息传出以后，成了热门话题，此时股价自然会上扬，尤其一旦有人用投机手段，则更容易暴涨。
2、已经成为人们争相投资的对象，而这种新发明要普及化，需要很长时间，届时还销不出去的话，股价便会下跌。
3、假如新发明能够提高公司的业绩和利润率，股价会上涨，若没有预期效果，则跌幅很大。
因此，股票交易者必然充分注意这种规律，牢牢掌握股价的主动权。
Six, technological invention In the adjustment of instrial structure and the transfer of The Times, new proct development is becoming more and more important, share price is also under their strong impact. New procts from development completed to share fall this period of time, can be divided into three stages: 1 and when the news spread later, became a hot topic, when share prices will naturally rise, especially when someone with speculative method, then more easily boom. 2, has become people rushed to the object, but this kind of investment to popularize new invention, takes a long time, when we pin not go out, share price will decrease. 3, if new invention can improve the company's sales and profitability, price will rise, if do not have expected effect, then drop greatly. Therefore, stock traders must full attention to such laws, grip shares of the initiative.
㈤ 怎么看股票里的主力资金流向啊
资金流向
流进、流出数据
结合这些数据，预测该股涨幅跌幅，如果实际股价和预测有较大出入，往往隐藏着主力的阴谋。
数据，也就是成交量要比K线图明确如何从挂单中判断主力动向散户投资者如何把握个股股价运行时中买一、买二、买三、买四和卖一、卖二、卖三、卖四。判断主力的动向。一、当某只股票在某日正常平稳的运行之中，股价突然被盘中出现的上千手的大抛单砸至跌停板或停板附近，随后又被快速拉起。或者股价被盘中突然出现的上千手的大买单拉升然后又快速归位，出现这些情况则表明有主力在其中试盘，主力向下砸盘，是在试探基础的牢固程度，然后决定是否拉升。该股如果在一段时期内总收下影线，则主力向上拉升的可能性大；反之，该股如果在一段时期内总收上影线的话，主力出逃的可能性大。二、当某只股票长期在低迷状况中运行，某日股价有所异动，而在卖盘上挂出巨大抛单(每笔经常上百、上千手)，但买单比较少，此时如果有资金进场将挂在卖一、卖二、卖三、卖四档的压单吃掉，可视为是主力建仓动作。因为此时的压单并不一定是有人在抛空，有可能是主力自己的筹码，主力在造量，在吸引投资者注意。此时，如果持续出现卖单挂出便被吃掉的情况，那便可反映出主力的实力。但是投资者要注意，如果想介入，千万不要跟风追买卖盘，待到大抛单不见了，股价在盘中回调时再介入，避免当日追高被套。主力有时卖单挂出大单，也是为了吓走那些持股者。无论如何，在低位出现上述情况，介入一般风险不大，主力向上拉升意图明显，短线虽有被浅套可能，但终能有所收益。 相反，如果在个股被炒高之后，盘中常见巨大抛单，卖盘一、二、三、四档总有成百、上千手压单，而买盘不济，此时便要注意风险了，一般此时退出，可有效地避险。三、某只个股经过连续下跌，出现了经常性的护盘动作，在其买一、二、三、四档常见大手笔买单挂出，这是绝对的护盘动作。但这不意味着该股后市止跌了。因为在市场中，股价护是护不住的，"最好的防守是进攻"，主力护盘，证明其实力欠缺，否则可以推升股价。此时，该股股价往往还有下降空间。但投资者可留意该股，如果股价处于低位，一旦市场转强，这种股票往往也会突然暴发，一鸣惊人。
散户投资者之所以亏损，最根本原因在于获取信息的不确定性虽然技术分析的指标多达上百种，但归根结底，最基本的就是价格与成交量，其他指标无非就是这两个指标的变异或延伸。量价关系的基本原理，是“量是因，价是果；量在先，价在后”，也就是说成交量是股价变动的内在动力。由此，人们导出了多种量价关系的规则，用于指明具体的投资。在实际中，人们会发现根据量价关系来进行具体买卖股票时，常常会出现失误，尤其是在根据成交量判断主力出货与洗盘方面，失误率更高，不是错把洗盘当出货，过早卖出，就是误将出货当洗盘，该出不出，结果痛失出货良机。那么，在实际投资中该如何根据成交量的变化，正确判断出主力的进出方向。或者说，如何根据成交量的变化，准确判断出主力是在出货还是洗盘呢？一般说来，当主力尚未准备拉抬股价时，股价的表现往往很沉闷，成交量的变化也很小。此时研究成交量没有实际意义，也不好断定主力的意图。但是，一旦主力放量拉升股价时，其行踪就会暴露。我们把这种股票称为强势股，此时研究成交量的变化，就具有非常重要的实际意义了。此时，如果能够准确地捕捉到主力的洗盘迹象，并果断介入，往往能在较短的时间内获取理想的收益。实践证明，根据成交量变化的特征，可以对强势股的主力是不是在洗盘，作出一个较为准确的判断。1、由于主力的积极介入，原本沉闷的股票在成交量的明显放大推动下变得活跃起来，出现了价升量增的态势。然后，主力为了给以后的大幅拉升扫平障碍，不得不将短线获利盘强行洗去，这一洗盘行为，在K线图上往往表现为阴阳相间的震荡。同时，由于主力的目的是要一般投资者出局，因此，股价的K线形态往往成明显的“头部形态”。2、在主力洗盘阶段，K线组合往往是大阴不断，并且收阴的次数多，且每次收阴时都伴有巨大的成交量，好像主力正在大肆出货。其实，仔细观察一下就会发现，当出现以上巨量大阴时，股价很少跌破10日移动平均线，短期移动平均线对股价构成强大支撑，主力低位回补的迹象一目了然。3、在主力洗盘时，作为研判成交量变化的主要指标OBV、均量线，也会出现一些明显的特征，主要表现为：当出现以上大阴巨量时，股价的5日、10日均量线始终保持向上运行，说明主力一直在增仓，股票交投活跃，后市看好。另外，成交量的量化指标OBV在股价高位震荡期间，始终保持向上，即使瞬间回落，也会迅速拉起，并能够创出近期的新高。这说明单从量能的角度看，股价已具备上涨的条件。
㈥ 关于股票的一道计算题。
你对买入股票很有兴趣，预期你明年10元每股卖出，并且每股红利为0.2美元。假如你要求的年回报率是7.5%，那么你将在什么价位买入股票才能够达到目标？
设买入价格为X元。那么：X*1.075=10 +0.2 X=9.49 USD
㈦ 求：关于股票名词释义的准确翻译（英译中），软件翻译莫进！
（新高/新低） ：这些警示出现任何时候有一个打印的更高或更低的价格比其他的一天。高点和低点被重置每天一次的时间所确定的汇率。
当警报服务器看到一个新的高度，看来最近的前一天，今天的价格高于现在。据报道，这一天发生的，和高的这一天作为抵抗。一个新的低点，该服务器查找最近一天价格低于目前的价格。据报道，低的那一天作为支持。
注：这是一个非常简单的版本的支撑和阻力仅仅基于每日高点和低点。下面列出几个警示实施更先进的算法，寻找支撑和阻力。
这些警示涉及的立场范围过滤器。使用这些过滤器，使其他警报类型敏感波动。
（新高要求/新低价竞标） ：这些警示出现任何时候卖出价高于或不用买入价低于不用任何时间今天。这些都是重启的同时，在高点和低点。这些警示从未报告的前30秒或60秒后开放。
（新高（过滤）新低点（过滤）新的高要求（过滤）新低价竞标（过滤） ） ：这些警示的一个子集，其过滤的对应。当价格迅速变化几次连续，只有其中的一个警示willappear 。过滤警示一次出现时，价格的变动。
通常不超过一个警示每股票将出现每分钟。但是，如果股票价格的变化更基点超出预期，新的警报将显示更加频繁。的分界点为每个符号自动选择的基础上波动。
Daytraders往往更喜欢以显示过滤版本的这些警示大量的股票。其目的在于创建一个窗口，用户可以很快地看到，如果市场作为一个整体是向上或向下移动。其他交易商希望看到更少，更有趣的警示。这一效果，选择这些过滤版本的警示。有些人制造两个或两个以上的警报窗口，
一些与过滤警示和一些与过滤的警示。
㈧ 炒股用英语怎么说
问题一：如何英语翻译：炒股？ stock trading,或者 buy stock
问题二：炒股翻译成英语怎么说啊??/ 您好，针对您的问题，国泰君安上海分公司给予如下解答
invest in stocks如仍有疑问，欢迎向国泰君安证券上海分公司官网或企业知道平台提问。
问题三：股票用英语怎么说 英文原文：
stock英式音标：
[st?k]
美式音标：
[stk]
问题四：股票用英文怎么说 stock [stk] ，股票。
问题五：“股票”用英文怎么说 “股票”
Stock
例句：
1、股票价格上涨了。
Share prices moved up
2许多白领，像股票经纪人和投资银行家，发现自己也失业了。
Many white-collar workers, like stock brokers and investment bankers, findthemselves in the unemployment lines.
问题六：股票、炒股英语怎么说？ 炒股
speculate in sharesspeculation on stocks
股票
stock
share
问题七：专门炒股的人用英语怎么说 您好，针对您的问题，国泰君安上海分公司给予如下解答
答：您好！针对您的问题，我们为您做了如下详细解答：
Professional investors
希望我们国泰君安证券上海分公司的回答可以让您满意！
回答人员：国泰君安证券上海分公司客户经理屠经理
国泰君安证券――网络知道企业平台乐意为您服务！
如仍有疑问，欢迎向国泰君安证券上海分公司官网或企业知道平台提问。
问题八：“证券公司”用英语怎么说 证券公司:stockjobber
Relative explainations:
有些公司，例如普天寿―贝池证券公司曾希望以逐渐削减没有利润的生意的方式度过不景气，现在放弃商业融资等原来以为必要的营业。
Some firms, like Prudential-Bache Securities Inc. which had hoped to ride out the downturn by paring unprofitable businesses, are now abandoning lines they once viewed as essential, like investment banking.
他一定很有钱，他在市里的一家证券公司工作，并且还驾驶一辆新的“奔驰”车。
He must be well-heeled; he works for a firm of stockbrokers in the city and drives a new Porsche.
Securities Agency
证券公司
security pany
证券公司
The short-term finance to securities firms can be expanded in line with relevant conditions. mercial banks can extend collateralized loans to securities firms.
按有关条件，增加对证券公司的短期融资，商业银行可按规定对证券公司开办证券抵押融资。
They sell shares in panies at the stock exchange.
他们在证券交易所出售公司股票。
A premium, as of stock, that is given by a corporation to another party, such as a purchaser of its securities.
余利由公司给另一些人（比如购买本公司的证券者）的股息余利
The amount of securities or modities held by a person, firm, or institution.
个人资产，公司资产被个人、公司或机构持有的证券或商品的数量
Share in the pany is traded on the stock exchange.
该公司的股票在证券交易所进行交易。
The pany's share is rarely sold on the stock exchange.
这个公司的股票很少上市（在证券交易所出售）。
a person employed to keep a record of the owners of stocks and bonds issued by the pany.
被雇来统计持有公司发行的股票和证券股东的人。
The Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange introced ......>>
问题九：'全民炒股'用英语怎么说 全民炒股_有道翻译
翻译结果：
The stock market
炒股
speculate in the stock market；invest in stocks更多释义>>
[网络短语]
炒股 Investing in Stocks;Stocks;speculate in stock
短线炒股 Stocks
韩炒股 monica han
㈨ 求!!!!!!!一份股票市场中专用名词的英文 谢谢!!!!!!!!!!
复制粘贴太没品，你点这个，你问的是别人问过的问题。
=============================补充给你：
Advance-Decline Theory
涨跌理论
Arbitrage
套利
Arbitrageur
套利者
As Agent
做代理
Ask-Bid System
竞价系统
At-the-Close Order
收盘指令
At-the-Market
按市价
At-the-Opening(Opening Only)Order
开盘指令
Back Up
逆向变化
Bar Chart
条线图
Base Market value
基准市场价值
Bearish
行情看跌
Bear Market
熊市
Bear Raiders
大量抛空者
Bid-and-Asked Quotation(or Quote)
买方报价和卖方报价（报价）
Blowout
畅销
Blue-Chip Stocks
蓝筹股
Breakout
突破
Bullish
行情看涨
Bull Market
牛市
Buying Power
购买力
Cancellation
取消
Capitalization
资本
Certificate
证券证书
Climax(Buying/Selling)
放量（买/卖）
Close
收盘价
Closing Transaction
平仓交易
Commission
佣金
Congestion Area
震荡区
Cornering the Market
*纵市场
Corporation
股份公司
Cum Rights
含权
Cyclical Stock
周期性股票
Date of Record
登记日
Day Order
当日委托指令
Day Trading
日交易
Dealer
交易商
Descending Tops
下降顶点趋势
Dip
回调谷
Distribution Area
整理区
Diversification
分散投资
Dividends
红利
Don't Fight the Tape
顺行情交易
Double Bottom
双底
Double Top
双顶
Dumping
抛售
Effective Date
生效日期
Ex-Distribution(X Dis)
无分配额
Ex-Dividend(XD)(Without Dividend) Date
除息日
Expiration Date
到期日
Ex-Right(XRT)
除权
Face value
面值
Floor
交易大厅
Floor Order Tickets
场内委托单
Free-Riding
自由放纵投机行为
Frozen Account
冻结账户
Fundamental Analysis
基本面分析
Futures
期货
Gap
跳空
Head and Shoulders
头肩形
star 2005-11-23 01:19
Highballing
高价交易
Holder of Record
登记持股人
Holding the Market
托盘
Horizontal Price Movement
横盘
Hot Issue
抢手证券
Inactive Market
不活跃市场
Index
指数
Insider
内幕人
Institution
机构投资者
In the Tank
跳水
Issued-and-Outstanding Stocks
已发行流通股
Issuer
发行人
Joint Account
联合账户
Last Trading Day
最后交易日
Liquidation
清仓
Liquidity
流动性
Listed Stock
上市股票
Long Market value
所持证券市场价值
Long Position
多头头寸
Manipulation
*纵
Marketability
流动性
Market Price
市场价格
Market value
市场价值
Matched Orders
对敲指令
Merger
合并
Negotiability
流通性
New Issue
新发行
Offer
要价
Offering (Asked) Price
卖方要价
Offering Date
发行日
Off-Floor Order
场外委托
On-Floor Order
场内委托
On the Tape
行情显示
Opening
开盘价
Opening Only Order
开盘委托指令
Opening Transaction
建仓交易
Oversold
超卖
Overvalued
估值过高
P(rice)/E(arnings) Ratio
市盈率
Paper Loss/Profit
账面损益
Pennant
尖旗形
Picture
行情
Place
发售
Portfolio
证券组合
Position
头寸
Price Range
价格范围
Primary Distribution(Offering)
初次发售
Primary Market
次级市场
Primary Movement
大趋势
Principals(Stockholders)
股东
Principal value
本金值
Profit Taking
活力回吐
Public Offering(Distribution)
公开发售
Purchasing(Buying) Power
购买力
star 2005-11-23 01:20
Rally
反弹
Reading the Tape
看盘
Record Date
登记日
Reorganization
资产重组
Resistance
阻挡区
Resistance level
阻挡线
Reversal
反转
Rigged Market
受*纵的市场
Rising Bottom
上升谷底趋势
Rounding Bottom(Saucer)
圆底
Rounding Top
圆顶
Screen(Stocks)
选股
Secondary Distribution(Offering)
二次发售
Secondary Market
二级市场
Securities Analysis
证券分析
Security
证券
Seek a Market
寻求入市机会
Selling Off(Sell-Off)
止损抛售
Share
股份
Short Position
空头头寸
Soft Market
疲软市场
Speculation
投机
Split Down
并股
Spread
价差
Stag
攫利者
Stagflation
滞胀
Stagnation
萧条
Stockholder(Shareholder)
持股人
Stocks
股票
Subion Ratio
认购比率
Substitution(Swap)
替代（互换）
Support
支撑区
Support Level
支撑线
Sweetener
甜头
Takeover
接管
(Ticker) Tape
行情显示系统
Technical Analysis
技术分析
Technical Sign
技术讯号
Tight Market
旺市
Tip
提供消息
Total Cost
总成本
Total Volume
总成交量
Trade Date
交易日
Trader
交易商
Trading Authorization
交易授权
Trading Floor
交易大厅
Trend
趋势
Trendline
趋势线
Triangle
三角形
Undervalued
估价过低
Unissued Stock
未发行股票
Uptrend
上升趋势
Volume
交易量
Weak Market
弱市
Wedge
楔形
W Formation
W底
Without Dividend
除息